Golden+Gate

**The Golden Gate Bridge by Yoan González Chrétien**

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**__ 1.- DESCRIPTION __** __ A little bit of history __ :
 * ==== The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge that was built between 1933 and 1937. Its name comes from the name of the strait that the bridge spans. ====
 * ====It is located in The Golden Gate Strait, which is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean, in San Francisco, California, United States. ====
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 * For many years before the Golden Gate Bridge was built, the only way to get across San Francisco Bay was by ferry. In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss became convinced that a bridge should be constructed across the Golden Gate.
 * Many groups opposed him. The engineering challenge was also enormous - the Golden Gate Bridge area often has winds of up to 60 miles per hour, and strong ocean currents. If all that weren't enough, it was the middle of the Great Depression and there was no money. In spite of everything, Strauss persisted, and Golden Gate Bridge history began when San Francisco voters approved $35 million in bonds to construct the Golden Gate Bridge.
 * The now-familiar art deco design and International Red color were chosen, and construction began in 1933. The Golden Gate Bridge project was completed in 1937, a prominent date in San Francisco history.

====The Golden Gate bridge is used for communication to cross the San Francisco Bay: a s part of both U.S.Route 101 and California State Route 1, the structure links the city of San Francisco, on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County. ====
 * __2.- WHAT ARE THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OR USES OF THE STRUCTURE? __**



The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest span in the world from its completion in 1937 until the Verrazano Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964. Today, it still has the ninth-longest suspension span in the world. A few Golden Gate Bridge facts to illustrate its size:
 * __3.- WHAT DIFFERENT PARTS ARE THERE? Elements of the structure... __**

The weight of the roadway is hung from two cables that pass through the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. There are 129,000 km of wire in the main cables.The bridge has approximately 1,200,000 total rivets. It also has: 
 * **Total length:** Including approaches, 2,737 m
 * **Middle span:** 1,966 m
 * **Width:** 27 m
 * **Clearance above the high water** (average): 67 m
 * **Total weight when built:** 894,500 tons
 * **Total weight today:** 887,000 tons. Weight reduced because of new decking material.
 * **Towers:**
 * ====<span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">227 m above the water ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">152 m above the roadway ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">Each leg 10 x 16 m ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">Towers weigh 44,000 tons each ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">There are about 600,000 rivets in EACH tower. ====


 * <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">**Cables:**
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">2 main cables pass over the tops of the main towers and are secured in concrete anchorages at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. There are 129,000 km of wire in the two main cables, and it took over six months to spin them.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">Cable diameter (including wrapping): 36 0.92 m
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">Cable length: 2,332 m


 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">**Lights:**
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">128 lights are installed on the bridge roadway. They are 250-watt high pressure sodium lamps installed in 1972
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">The 24 tower sidewalk lights are 35-watt low pressure sodium lamps
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">12 light illuminate each tower, 400 watts each, and an airway beacon tops each tower



====**__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">4.- WHAT DO YOU THINK IT IS MADE OF? __** **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USED ** //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;">: //====

It is mainly made of steel:

 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">The steel was made in New Jersey, Maryland and Pennsylvania and shipped through the Panama Canal
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: inherit;">Total weight of steel: 83,000 tons (75,293,000 kg)
 * |||||| == Technical information == ||
 * || Description || Value ||
 * === Construction materials used === ||
 * **cables** |||| steel ||
 * **pylons** |||| steel ||
 * **deck truss** |||| steel ||
 * === Dimensions === ||
 * || main span || 1 280 m ||
 * || length of side spans || 343 m ||
 * || total length || 2 737 m ||
 * **cables** || number of cables || 2 ||
 * || strands per cable || 92 ||
 * || wires per strand || 27 572 ||
 * **deck** || deck depth || 7.6 m ||
 * || deck width || 27 m ||
 * || clearance || 67 m ||
 * **tower** || tower height || 227.4 m ||  ||
 * [[image:http://en.structurae.de/images/espaceur.gif width="1" height="10"]] ||
 * [[image:http://en.structurae.de/images/espaceur.gif width="1" height="10"]] ||


 * __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">5.- STRESSES IN THE STRUCTURE __****<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">: **

This structure has the following stresses: tension, bending and compression. Bending: the towers and the cables maintain the bridge against the action of the winds. Tension because the extremities of the bridge stretch it. Compression: because the tower must support the weight of the bridge. This image explains the tension and the compression that a bridge has. That is the effect that the force of the bending has.


 * __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">6.- STABILITY, RIGIDITY AND RESISTANCE __**
 * **<span style="background-color: white; color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 9.5pt;">This structure is made rigid by : Steel **
 * **<span style="background-color: white; color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 9.5pt;">This structure is made stable by : pillar **
 * **<span style="background-color: white; color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 9.5pt;">This structure is made resistant by : Pillar and steel **


 * __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">7.- Picture Gallery __**
 * (__Add different pictures from Google image)__ **






 * __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">7.- More information: __**

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 * (you __have to add a GLOG with videos, sounds, animations, graphics, links to other webpages...)__ **


 * __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">9.- CURIOSITIES __**

The color of the bridge is officially an orange vermillion called // [|international orange] // .The color was selected because it complements the natural surroundings and enhances the bridge's visibility in fog.

More people die by [|suicide] at the Golden Gate Bridge than at any other site in the world. The deck is approximately 75 m above the water. After a fall of approximately four seconds, [|jumpers] hit the water at approximately 120 km/h. Most jumpers die from impact [|trauma] on contact with the water. The few who survive the initial impact generally [|drown] or die of [|hypothermia] in the cold water.


 * (__Add some news, videos...)__ **


 * __<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">10.- PERSONAL COMMENTS __**

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; top: 584.5px; width: 1px;">**__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">8.- Picture Gallery __**
 * (__What you've learnt, your opinion about the structure, etc.__ **